PENGARUH MEDIA GAMBAR DAN PENGUATAN POSITIF TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN TOILETING ANAK AUTIS DI SEKOLAH AUTIS YOGYAKARTA
Background. Having the ability to prr (urinate) and defecation is one of the tasks that must be met by the developing child. This skill is referred to as toilet training which usually begin a concern of parents when the child reaches the age of 2 � 3 years(1). Teaches defecate skills independently...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| 格式: | Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed |
| 出版: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
2014
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| 主題: | |
| 在線閱讀: | https://repository.ugm.ac.id/132837/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=73382 |
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| 總結: | Background. Having the ability to prr (urinate) and defecation is one of the tasks
that must be met by the developing child. This skill is referred to as toilet training
which usually begin a concern of parents when the child reaches the age of 2 � 3
years(1). Teaches defecate skills independently to children is challenging enough
when a child has special needs(2), one of which is a child with autism(3).Several
methods of toilet training in teaching children with autism include graduated
guidance, reinforcement, scheduling, hydration, manipulation stimulus, and
priming anf video modeling(10). However, these methods have not been developed
in Indonesia, according to Lestari(24) a method that used by parents of children
with autism to teach toileting is positive and negative reinforcement (71%).
Therefore, researchers interested in applying the methods of positive
reinforcement in Yayasan Bina Anggita and Autism School of Fajar Nugraha and
innovate by using pictorial media to help autistic children understand the stages of
toileting.
Objective. To determine the effect of pictorial media and positive reinforcement
to changes in the toileting ability of autistic children in Yayasan Bina Anggita and
Autism School of Fajar Nugraha Yogyakarta.
Method. This research uses quasi-experimental research design with one group
pretest � posttest design. Intervention performed using pictorial media and
positive reinforcement for 6 sessions. The data were processed and analyze by
univariate and bivariate. Univariate analysis is used to present research data in the
form of the frequency distribution of each variable. Bivariate analysis was
conducted to determine the relationship between independent variables and the
dependent variable with a statistical analysis using paired t-test.
Result. All children�s toileting ability scores increased after the intervention, the
result of the analysis showed the paired t-test score is p<0,001 indicating that a
significant improvement is happening.
Conclusion. Pictorial media and positive reinforcement effect on the toileting
ability of autistic children. |
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