PENGARUH MEDIA GAMBAR DAN PENGUATAN POSITIF TERHADAP KEBERHASILAN TOILETING ANAK AUTIS DI SEKOLAH AUTIS YOGYAKARTA

• المؤلفون الرئيسيون: , EVA NUR ROHMAH, , Lely Lusmilasari, S.Kp., M.Kes.
• التنسيق: Theses and Dissertations NonPeerReviewed
• منشور في: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2014
• الموضوعات: ETD
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/132837/; http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=73382
• المؤسسة: Universitas Gadjah Mada

Background. Having the ability to prr (urinate) and defecation is one of the tasks that must be met by the developing child. This skill is referred to as toilet training which usually begin a concern of parents when the child reaches the age of 2 � 3 years(1). Teaches defecate skills independently to children is challenging enough when a child has special needs(2), one of which is a child with autism(3).Several methods of toilet training in teaching children with autism include graduated guidance, reinforcement, scheduling, hydration, manipulation stimulus, and priming anf video modeling(10). However, these methods have not been developed in Indonesia, according to Lestari(24) a method that used by parents of children with autism to teach toileting is positive and negative reinforcement (71%). Therefore, researchers interested in applying the methods of positive reinforcement in Yayasan Bina Anggita and Autism School of Fajar Nugraha and innovate by using pictorial media to help autistic children understand the stages of toileting. Objective. To determine the effect of pictorial media and positive reinforcement to changes in the toileting ability of autistic children in Yayasan Bina Anggita and Autism School of Fajar Nugraha Yogyakarta. Method. This research uses quasi-experimental research design with one group pretest � posttest design. Intervention performed using pictorial media and positive reinforcement for 6 sessions. The data were processed and analyze by univariate and bivariate. Univariate analysis is used to present research data in the form of the frequency distribution of each variable. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between independent variables and the dependent variable with a statistical analysis using paired t-test. Result. All children�s toileting ability scores increased after the intervention, the result of the analysis showed the paired t-test score is p<0,001 indicating that a significant improvement is happening. Conclusion. Pictorial media and positive reinforcement effect on the toileting ability of autistic children.