HUBUNGAN SIPIL MILITER DI BRAZIL PASCA OTORITARIAN

• المؤلف الرئيسي: Perpustakaan UGM, i-lib
• التنسيق: مقال NonPeerReviewed
• منشور في: [Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada 2002
• الموضوعات: Jurnal i-lib UGM
• الوصول للمادة أونلاين: https://repository.ugm.ac.id/23747/; http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/download.php?dataId=6706
• المؤسسة: Universitas Gadjah Mada

ABSTRACT This thesis explains several significant questions: how did the characteristic and path of demilitarization, which accompany transition to democracy in Brazil in 1980s? why did the demilitarization take place? What and who did support the demilitarization process? How has the pattern of civil-military relation in the post-authoritarian regime 1980s? Brazil ruled by a repressive militaristic regime, which never promised democracy to its people, for a decade (1964-1974). Economic crisis 1974, which facilitated political liberalization, initiated by General Geisel-led military regime. However, this liberalization did not direct to the transition to democracy because of strong control applied by the regime. Demilitarization in Brazil was implemented along with democratization, from transition to phase of democracy in 1985. Peaceful transition to democracy was the most overarching feature, which make it different from the same transition in other countries. In other word, transition and detnilitarization in Brazil was undertaken through negotiation (transaction) between the ruling regime and opposition or civil and military. Nevërtheless the transition did not occur smoothly. Inter-related factors played important role in initiating transition to democracy in this country, such as economic crisis, incapable military, and trust crisis of the regime. The 1985 general election promoted regime change from military to civilian. The transition revealed democratic crafting between military and civilian within which involved negotiation (transaction) in order to formulate democracy and a more democratic pattern of civil-military relations. In addition, this democratic crafting can be successfully carried out the support of civilian leaderships, military perception toward opposition continually changed, and shared-commitment to build democracy. This negotiated transition-between civilian and military through democratic crafting has brought about democratic consolidation in Brazil since 1989. This process has resulted in a newly democratic pattern of civil-military relations, i.e. supremacy of civilian to control or subordinate military. Military, in turn, has gone to barrack and serve professionally as state's apparatus of defense. Keywords: civil-military relations transition to democracy� civilian supremacy.